Sejarah dan Kemajuan dalam Imunoterapi Kanker Memahami Karakteristik Sel Imun yang Menyusup ke Tumor dan Implikasi Terapeutiknya
Keywords:
Immunotherapy, Tumor micro environment, Single cell technology, Tumor-infiltrating immune cells, Phenotypic diversityAbstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and rejuvenated the field of tumor immunology. Several types of immunotherapies, including adoptive cell transfer (ACT) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have achieved durable clinical responses, but their efficacy varies, and only a small proportion of cancer patients may benefit from them. The immune infiltrate in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been shown to play a key role in tumor progression and will influence the clinical outcomes of cancer patients. A comprehensive profile of tumor-infiltrating immune cells will shed light on the mechanisms of cancer immune evasion, thus providing opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. However, the dynamic nature of the TME hampers precise dissection of intratumoral immune cells. With recent advances in single-cell technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and mass cytometry, systematic interrogation of the TME has become possible and will provide insights into the functional diversity of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. In this review, we outline recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, particularly focusing on the landmark studies and recent single-cell characterization of tumor-associated immune cells, and we summarize the phenotypic diversity of intratumoral immune cells and their relevance to cancer immunotherapy. We believe that such a review can strengthen our understanding of the progress of cancer immunotherapy, facilitate the elucidation of immune cell modulation in tumor progression, and thus guide the development of novel immunotherapies for cancer treatment.
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